EEA RESOURCES

Climate Trends Teaching Toolkit
​(a work in progress)

A Note to Educators

Rarely does a teacher get to teach climate trends from start to finish - because rarely does one course contain all the relevant content standards. So students are left to piece together concepts they learned over multiple years in a variety of contexts. To further complicate things, there is as much misinformation - and disinformation - about climate trends as there is reliable evidence.  

​This toolkit is designed to provide a roadmap for teaching climate trends in bits and pieces, or - as EEA hopes will soon be the case - in a comprehensive course that allows students to explore, examine evidence, conduct investigations, use models or simulations, and come to their own conclusions while solving problems and taking action to mitigate climate trends. 

Preparation for Investigating Climate Science

Exploring Tools to Survey Primary Sources

• Primary Source Analysis Tool and Teacher Guide from the US Library of Congress

Exploring Tools to Evaluate Evidence

• Try the CRAPP Test and CRAPP Test Rubric to assess these articles:
  • Meat Eating Scientists Unite
  • There is no climate crisis - The Epoch Times
  • They’ll All Be Gone - Starving Polar Bear Highlights Melting Ice - NPR
  • The Real Story Behind the Starving Polar Bear - Financial Post
  • Remember the Starving Polar Bear? - Prager U
  • Polar Bears Really Are Starving Due to Global Warming - Nat Geo
  • Starving Polar Bear on Iceless Land - Nat Geo video
• The Difference between a Scientific Theory and a Scientific Law - TED Talk

Exploring Tools to Make and Use Models, Simulations and Algorithms

•  Is it a Model? Page Keeley formative assessment probe
• Developing and Using Models  Sadler Science

What do Students Know or Think About Climate Science?

Be aware that many people experience stress when learning about Climate 

• Experts Explain Climate Anxiety - Yale University

​A formative assessment is an informal way of evaluating what students already know about climate science - and what they need to learn. It can be as simple as a short quiz, a card sort, signs that students stand near to indicate agreement, polls, student explanations, drawings, or any other quick and easy, low stakes (ungraded) way to find out what students are thinking. Formative assessments can be pre-tests but - more importantly - they can also be useful tools mid-way through a lesson, enabling the educator to see which concepts stuck and which ones need to be retaught a different way.

•  What Have You Heard About Climate Change? from Understanding Climate Change
•  Climate Literacy Pre-Test  from CLEAN.net
•  Stand by Your Statements- Why I Care about Climate Change pp 3-9 from   Purdue Dynamics of Climate Teacher Resources​
• Draw Earth's Climate System and label the major components and interactions

What's the Difference between Weather and Climate?  The TIMEFRAME

Weather and climate are both variable - but over different timeframes. Changes in weather cannot be considered a climate trend unless they extend for more than 30 years. So it's not possible to isolate any single present-day local weather event - such as a drought, a storm, or a flood - and attribute it to climate change. After completing investigations into weather and climate, students should be able to recognize weather patterns and know when they can be considered indicators of climate change.

Phenomena
    "Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get."
Explorations: Data Analysis, Modeling, and Investigations
   -   Weather, Climate and Water Cycling Storyline unit from OpenSciEd
   -   ESRI How's the Weather exploration from GeoInquiries
   -   Climate, Weather, and Plants in Your Region lesson from SERC
Projects and Problem-Solving
   -   Create a Weather Station where students mount weather instruments and collect data

How Do We Know about Climate Trends over Time?  The INDICATORS & PATTERNS

EPA's 24 Climate Indicators
​          Phenomena                 
               -  Climate Time Machine - Key Indicators - NASA explainer
          Explorations: Data Analysis, Modeling, and Investigations
              -  Collecting Data through Community & Participatory Science Projects 
                     -  Project BudBurst community science project related to phenology
                     -  Fall Leaf Change Predictions Map Reporting Tool
                     -  Journey North Monarch Migration - data maps and reports by Estela Romero
                     -  Symbolic Monarch Migration cultural exchange project for students
                     -  Water Quality Monitoring / Adopt A Stream community science projects           
​            -   Analyzing and Interpreting Data
                      -  Exploratorium's Graphing the Keeling Curve lesson using Mauna Loa's CO2 Data
                      -  Data Nuggets Climate modules multiple lessons from Data Nuggets
                      -  Predicting Regional Climate based on Regional Temp Anomalies
                      -  Interpreting Graphs of Surface Temps in Urban Areas - NASA Mini-Lesson
                      -  All Earth as a System Mini-Lessons from My NASA Data
                          https://static.nsta.org/pdfs/samples/PB225Xweb.pdf

How Do We Know What Climate was Like in the Past? PALEOCLIMATOLOGY

Tree Rings reveal Growing Season Length for Each Year

The 3 km (1.9 mi) Greenland Ice Core Tells 100,000 Year History

Exploring Ancient Climates with Proxy Data

•  Climate Detectives lesson from SERC Carleton
  • ​Intro to ​Paleoclimatology - NSTA lesson
  • History of Climate Science Research  timeline slides from UCAR ​
•  Pollen Data from Pond Sediment Cores from Earth Sci Puzzles
  • ​How Can Ancient Pollen Teach Us About Climate? NOAA
•  Tree Rings  & Paleoclimate  lesson from SERC Carleton 
  •  Data from Tree Rings (Columbia Tree Ring Lab) lesson
  •  Medieval Warm Period and Dedrochronology article 
  •  SERC Paleo-Climatology and Trees Lab lesson
•  CO2 in Past Ice Core Data  & Exploring Data from Real Ice Core  
  • Creating Classroom Ice Cores from Byrd Polar Center
  • ​Core Questions about Ice Cores - NASA 
•  Volcanic Eruptions and Snowball / Hothouse Earth feedback loop
  • Snowball Earth lesson series from PBS 
  • Hothouse Earth article and video from PBS News Hour

What Causes Global Warming Trends?  The NATURAL CAUSES
           Planetary Cycles, Sun Spots and Cataclysmic Events

​Phenomenon: Average Temperature on Earth over 500 Million Years

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 credit: Glen Fergus

 Naturally-Occurring Planetary Cycles, Forces and Events
        What Natural Phenomena Affect Earth's Climate? UCARR web page
               Background Info on Planetary Motions
                        - Why Orbits are Elliptical; Kepler's Laws; Gravity; Newton's Constant lessons
                        -  pHet Simulations of Planetary Motions 

                Milankovitch Cycles: Precession, Orbital Tilt and Eccentricity
                        -  Interactive Models of the Milankovitch Cycles - NASA
                        -  Animation of the Orbital Cycles - NASA
​                        -  CLEAN interactive Applet for exploring Milankovitch Cycles and worksheet
             
               Solar Radiation
                      -   Sun Spot Cycles from Solar Science

               Role of Planetary Cycles in Current Global Warming and Climate Change
                        - Milankovitch Case Study: Cycles Cannot Explain Persistent Climate Change

​                Cataclysmic Events, such as Meteor Impacts an Volcanism
                         -  Dust Might Have Snuffed Out the Dinosaurs - NYT
                         -  How Volcanoes Influence Climate - UCAR
                                 

What Causes Global Warming Trends?  ​ The HUMAN CAUSES (Anthropogenic)
      Agricultural Practices, Deforestation, and Burning of Fossil Fuels

​Phenomena:  Temperature on Earth in the Industrial Era

​The World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (click to enter)

Scientists Agree: It's Real / It's Us / It's Bad / There's Hope Yale Climate Communications
           - Human (Anthropogenic) Effects on Climate
                Phenomena
                -  Greenhouse Gas Emissions  
                -  Climate Change Indicators
                Explorations
                -  NASA Chart of Gases by GWP / Resident Time in Atmosphere
                -  Greenhouse Gas Equivalency Calculator from EPA
​                 - Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks
                 - Data on Global Temperatures from NOAA via CO2-Earth   
​
                -  Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Burning of Fossil Fuels
                         Phenomenon
                           -  CO2 Slider from NASA Climate Time Machine
                           -  CO2 and Earth Temp over 800,000 Years - animated by PBS Learning Media
                        Explorations
                            -  Getting At the Core: The Link between Temperature and CO2 - EPA lesson
                           -  CO2 Labs - SERC lesson
                           -  Calculate the Keeling Curve - Exploratorium lesson
                           -  CO2 Measured at Mauna Loa - Current and Historic Data from NOAA
                           -  Carbon Emissions from Burning of Oil and Gas for Electricity and Transport
                           -  Keeling Curve
                           -  Direct and Proxy (Indirect) Measurements of CO2 in the Atmosphere - NASA
                           -  If CO2 Emissions Increase Annually, Why Don't Temps Rise at Same Rate?
                           -  Non-Renewable vs Renewable Energy as Sources of  CO2 Emissions
​                           -  Generate: The Game of Energy Choices interactive game from EPA
                            - Comparing Efficiency of Fuel Types by Converting to Common Units (BTUs)
                           -  Carbon Emissions from Burning of Oil and Gas for Plastic Production
                                  -  The Age of Plastic: from Parkesine to Pollution
                                  -  Trash or Recycling? Plastic Keeps Us Guessing

                -  Methane Emissions 
                               -  Global Methane Sources (NASA video from Vital Sign of the Planet)
                               -  Cattle Planet: Visualizing the Biomass of the World's Mammals
                               -  Methane Monitoring Lesson from Our Climate Future
                               -  Annual Greenhouse Gas Index  

                 -  Nitrogen / Nitrous Oxide Emissions
                                 -  Laughing Gas and Climate Change - Stanford article
                                 -  The Forgotten Greenhouse Gas - BBC article
                                 -  How Catalytic Reduction can Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions (article)

                 -  Fluorinated Gas Emissions
                                  -  Alternatives to Fluorinated F-Gases for Cooling and Fire Retardants 

                 -  Water Vapor
                                   - NASA Animations: How Water Vapor Amplifies the Greenhouse Effect

Where in the World are Carbon Emissions Coming From?

 It depends on how you look at it! 
 By country or region
 -   CO2 Emission Timeline Sliders from Our World in Data
 By person (per capita)
 -   pictured to the right
 By current trend (up or down)
 -   color-coded (red = increasing / green = decreasing)
 Including land use changes, which minimizes the role of
     countries that cleared forests for agriculture before the
     data was collected  (e.g. Europe) and maximizes the role
     of countries clearing forests now (e.g. South America)
 Or excluding land use changes, which exaggerates the
     impact of countries clearing forests now (vs. those who
​     cleared forests for agriculture earlier)

CARBON EMISSIONS PER CAPITA

How Do Feedback Loops and Tipping Points Affect Changes in Climate Processes?

A changing climate is different from other environmental challenges because of the phenomena of feedback loops. Negative loops can moderate effects. But positive loops act as "accelerators" that amplify effects. The more one thing happens, the more it causes a second thing to happen, in a spiral of responses until a "tipping point" is reached, from which the processes cannot be reversed.  Positive feedback loops are what lends urgency to climate change. 
Learn more here:

• ​Hidden Feedback Loop - C&NN
• Climate Emergency Feedback Loop film series

• Climate  Feedback Loops and Tipping Points - UCAR  

What are the Effects of a Warming World?   ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Average Surface Temperatures are Trending Upwards
        Phenomena: 
                Global Temperatures from 1880 -2022 in spiral chart video - NASA
                    -  Earth's Energy Balance Lab from SERC.Carleton
                    -  Surface Temperature Change Data from 1880 - 2022 (NASA Time Machine)
                    -  Extreme Heat (New York Times interactive article)
                    -  Global Warming 101 (NRDC article)

​                    Thermal Properties of Materials
                     -   Thermal Properties of Materials - Concord Consortium lessons

Impacts of Additional Carbon in the Atmosphere and Ocean
​        Ocean Acidification as an Indicator of Increased Atmospheric CO2 
            -  Ocean Acidity Data from EPA
            -  Ocean Carbon Data from NOAA via CO2.Earth
            -  More Acidic Oceans:  Effect of Acid on Marine Animals' Shells (Clime Time)
             - Slideshow on 7 Things Everyone should Know About Ocean Acidification:    
                    Diving into Ocean Acidification Toolkit
           -  K-12 curriculum with slide decks by UC Irvine - includes elementary material
           - The Ocean Protector game is a free, decision based online learning tool

Impacts of Toxic Metals in the Ocean
​         Mercury and other Heavy Metals 
            -  How Heavy Metals in the Ocean Become more Toxic
​
Impacts of Increased Heat
​         Weather Extremes  
              -   Extreme Weather Climate Lab from SERC.Carleton
​                    -  Role of Climate in "Once in a Generation" Winter Storms
                    -  Tornadoes and Climate Connection? - It's Complicated!
                    -  Extreme Weather and Climate Change - NASA
                    -  Climate Change in Your Own Backyard lesson - NCSE
                    -  Warmer Air Holds More Moisture - Climate Central
                    -  Tornado Alley Moves East towards GA - Scientific American

              Increased Wildfire Risks
                     -  Climate and Wildfire -  NASA lesson unit
                     -  Goats Clearing Buffer Zones to Reduce Wildfire Risks - article

             Freeze/Thaw Cycles and the Keeling Curve
​                      -  Breathing Boreal Forest lesson -Project Wet Climate Resilience p34-49

             Warming Oceans / Thermal Expansion --> Sea Level Rise
                     -  Heat Capacity of Water (NASA Vital Signs of the Planet)
                     -  Experiment: Thermal Expansion of Water  (UCAR Center for Science Ed)
                     -  Modelling Thermal Expansion (NASA Jet Propulsion Lab)
                    -   Ocean Heat Content (NASA Climate Time Machine)
                     -  Sea Level is Rising (NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer simulation)
                    -   Sea Level Slider from NASA Climate Time Machine
                     -  Chasing Coral movie and related curriculum (project challenges)
                     -  Coral Death due Ocean Warming, Algae Blooms mitigated by King Crabs
 
             Snow and Ice Melt due to Warming Temps
                     -  Sea Ice is Melting (NASA Climate Time Machine) -> no effect on sea level
                                 -  Arctic Sea Ice Story Map lessons from My NASA Data
                                 -  Chasing Ice movie (or school screening license) and curriculum . . .
                                 -  Discussion Guides for Middle School, High School, and University
                                 -  Loss of Sea Ice Causes Crash in Emperor Penguin Breeding (article)
                     -  Glaciers are Shrinking -->  Sea Level is Rising 
                            -  Land Ice Masses (Glaciers) are Melting (NASA Climate Time Machine)
                            -  The Last Glaciers (I-Max trailer and related lessons)
                            -  Loss of Light Surfaces and Albedo --> ice/albedo feedback loop
                      -  Effects of Melting Sea Ice vs Melting Land Ice (Glaciers) - My NASA Data
                              - When Land Ice Melts lesson from My NASA Data 
                              - When Floating Ice Melts lesson from My NASA Data
                      -  Slushy Snowball Earth feedback loop (web article)
                      -  How Volcanoes Froze the Earth Twice (PBS Eons video)
​
             Ecosystem Changes due to Warming Temps
                   -   Loss of Wildlife Habitat
​                            -  Climatology and Biomes lab from SERC Carleton
                            -   Animals Are Running Out of Places to Live - article New York Times
                            -   Polar Bears and Thinning Sea Ice - NASA article
                            -   Now You "Sea" Ice, Now You Don't: Impact of Climate on Penguins
                            -   The Connection between Climate Trends & Biodiversity Loss 
                                        article Natl History Museum Tring
                            -   Coral Bleaching - caused by warming oceans: Chasing Coral movie
                   -   Changes in Timing / Intensity of Cyclical Weather Events Affect Species
                           -  Phenology:  Project Budburst  community science project
                           -  Climate, Weather and Trees Lab from SERC Carleton
                     -  Changes in Species Range or Habitat due to Warming Trend
                            -  Future Forests Lab re: impact on maple syrup from SERC Lab
                            -  Shifting Plant Hardiness Zones article from Climate Central 
                                        - New Plant Hardiness Zone Maps (enter zip code) from USDA
                                        - Shifts in Planting Zones over Time (ARC GIS map sequence)
                           -  58 GA Bird Species At Risk in Warming Climate - Birds Georgia
                           -  Impacts of Climate on GA Ecosystems - GA Climate Info Portal
                           -  GA Marine Species Affected by Climate - NOAA
                           -  Impact of Warmer Winters on GA Peach Crop - EPA
                           -  Impact of Flooding, Droughts, and Warm Water on Chattahoochee
​                                         Chattahoochee Riverkeeper articles

Increasing Dissolved CO2 in Oceans Lowers the pH

Heavy Metals in the Ocean become More Toxic

Small Increase in Temperature Increases Capacity of Atmosphere to Hold Water Vapor, Raises Sea Level, and Leads to Extreme Weather Events

Every 1 Degree of Temperature Increase Causes a 4% Increase in Atmospheric Water Vapor, Which Leads to Heavier Snow and Rain

The Ocean Holds More Heat

Melting and Thinning Sea Ice Threatens Polar Bears

Red Headed Woodpecker - photo by Melanie Furr

How Are People Affected by a Warmer World?  
           Human Health and Well-being 
                    -   How Climate Trends Affect Everyone
                           -   The Effects of Climate Trends - NASA Global Climate
                    -   Why Climate Trends Impact Some People and Places More than Others
                           -   Climate Differences: Heat interactive NYT article
                           -   The Heat Island Effect and the Legacy of Bank Practices
                           -   Impacts of Climate Trends on Vulnerable Populations - EPA
                                   -  Climate Trends and Social Vulnerability Report ​             
                                   -  How Income, Education, Race, Age and Location Affect Climate Burden
                                       https://www.epa.gov/cira/social-vulnerability-report​
                      -   The Climate Impact on Neighborhoods, Mapped:  Interactive  from NYT with ATL map

         Urban Heat Island Effect
                  Phenomenon 
                          Vegetation and Temps mapped separately in Urban Heat Islands article- UCAR and NASA
                          See the Sizzle - Thermal Photos Reveal Brutal Urban Heatscape from Wired
                          Taking NYC's Temp - video, thermal images, and article from The Verge
                           Graph of Urban Heat Island from EPA
                  Research 
                      -  Disproportionate Impacts:   Map Your Community's Climate Impact - interactive NYT article
​                      -  Heat Islands and Health - NEEF
                      -  Interactive Health and Heat Tracker - CDC
                       - Albedo and Climate explainer article from UCAR
                  Explorations of Urban Heat Island Effect
                       -  How Cool is Your Schoolyard lesson from Green Schoolyards America
                       -  Urban Heat ATL community data collection project - Spelman and Georgia Tech
                       -  What is an Urban Heat Island?  explainer article for younger children from NASA Climate Kids
                       -  Urban Heat Island Storymap including Peachtree Road Race activity in Evaluate section
                   Solutions
                       -  What You Can Do to Reduce Heat Islands / Heat Island Effect - EPA
                       -   Individual Actions that can Affect Climate - NPR

Did People Survive Climate Change in the Past?
ADAPTATION - Those Who Survived the Little Ice Age Responded on an Ad Hoc Basis ​

   -   Little Ice Age  - Britannica article
   -   How the Little Ice Age Changed History - John Lanchester /
               The New Yorker article
   -   What Did the Little Ice Age Teach Us about Climate Change?                  Dr. Aritina Haliuc - Climate Change Summit article
​   -   Living During the Little Ice Age - UCAR lesson
   -   Climate Trends, Exploration and the Beaver Fur Trade
    -  How Volcanoes Affect World Climate (and Frankenstein)                            Karen Harpp for Scientific American
    -   Mt Tambora and the Year without Summer - UCAR article
    -   Did Colonialism Cause Global Cooling?  - Dagomar Degroot
                Georgetown University Historical Climatology
     - Effects of the Little Ice Age;  The Great Dying;  Glaciers in Art                  Smith College Climate in Arts & History

How Can We Survive Climate Change? The SOLUTIONS

PLANNING  - Modelling, Problem-Solving, Policy & Decision-Making ​

The World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal (click to enter)

​"Our decisions today make a difference. We can't rewrite the past but we can choose how sustainable the future will be."
​
     -  EN-Roads Climate Solutions Simulator - Climate Initiative
     -  Beat the Uncertainty: Planning Climate-Resilient Communities - NOAA
     -  Project Drawdown Solutions - Drawdown.org
     -  Drawdown Solutions Game including lesson plan and video demo  
     -  NOAA Weather and Climate Toolkit - NOAA
     -  Youth Climate Summit Toolkit - The W!ld Center

​MITIGATION - Strategies for Preventing or Reducing the Root Causes of Climate Change

 -Making a Difference
   -    Seven Climate Solutions and a graphic organizer​ - NYT

Implementing Solutions to Real-World Problems
       -  Place-based Ingenuity  Nature.com
       -  Place-based Climate Case Studies - IfNotUsThenWho.me

       Tree Planting
         - Carbon Gardening and Tree Planting
​         - Calculating Tree Value in terms of C Sequestration

       Agricultural Practices
        -  Going Underground to Investigate Carbon in Soils  - Data Nuggets lesson
        -  Planting a No-Till Garden, Cover Crops, and Minimizing Fertilizer Run-Off
       -   Reducing Food & Crop Waste to Reduce Methane Emissions

       Building Design
        -  Designing Buildings for a Warmer World: Lesson on Francis Kéré from NYT
             -  How Francis Kéré Uses Local Materials to Design for Climate - ArchDaily
             -  An AfroFuturist Architect Builds for a Better Future - Wired
             -  Francis Kéré and the Pritzker Architecture Prize - PritzkerPrize.com

        Materials Use
       -  Alternatives to Fluorinated F-Gases for Cooling and Fire Retardants 
       -  Alternatives to Single Use Plastics - Princeton University

​        Household / Lifestyle Changes 
        -  Handprinter.org - comparing relative impacts of different actions
               -  Meatless Monday, Wear-It-Again Wednesday, and other Swaps 
​
        Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
         -   Conserving Energy to Reduce Fossil Fuel Emissions
         -   Converting from Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy Sources - UNEP
         -   Choosing Lower Emission Fossil Fuels during Transition to Renewables

RESILIENCE - Surviving the Effects of Climate Change  

     Green Schoolyards & Green Infrastructure in response to increased flooding
        -  Flooding: Clime Time Flooded Playground (elementary lesson)
        -  Green Playgrounds: An Overlooked Climate Solution 
        -  Reimagining Schoolyards for Health and Learning - Governing magazine

    Coastal Protection in response to sea level rise and more extreme storms
        -   Beach Erosion Experiment lesson from Defending Scotland's heritage
        -   Living Shorelines vs. Jetties and Sea Wall Structures - EPA
        -   Shoreline Structures and their Impacts - Beachapedia
        -   Living Shoreline Projects in the Southeastern US - Sea Grant 
        -   What is a Living Shoreline? - NOAA

     Carbon Capture Technology in response to increased carbon in the atmosphere
       -  Carbon Capture vs Carbon Emission Prevention? NYT
​
     Policy and Financing in response to human enterprises that impact climate
        -  Climate Policy & Financing  a Swiss Perspective (MyClimate)​

Washington Elem Berkeley CA - Sharon Danks

Living Shorelines: Natural Materials to Protect Coast

Student-Directed Projects and Civic Action

• Growing Handprints on a Global Scale - Handprinter.org             comparing and measuring impacts of various possible actions
• Planting Schoolyard Forests to Reduce CO2 in the Atmosphere
• Purdue University's  What Can I Do About Climate? posters 
• David Suzuki Foundation's Climate Resilience Solutions
• Project Drawdown Solutions
• Drawdown Georgia Solutions - strategies for drawing down CO2
• Earth Force Civic Action Roadmap for student-directed projects
• NOAA Planet Stewardship Projects with $5000 grants
• Planting Tiny Miyawaki Forests - New York Times
• Tree Planting and Care in GA - Georgia Forestry Commission  
• Carbon Gardening Projects to Mitigate Climate-Related Impacts
• Community Science Investigations related to Climate ​
• Food Waste Reduction 
• Ideas for Carbon Sequestration Projects from NOAA
• ​Green Heart Challenge for a Climate-Positive Future                                 from CPF Planeteer Alliance - with funds for winning project ideas

Shedding Light on  Misconceptions and Misinformation about Climate Change

 Misconceptions, Misinformation and Disinformation
-  Global Warming and Climate Myths Explained 
           Skeptical Science
-  Debunking Myths about Climate Change 
           United Nations Environment Programme
-  The Role of Public Relations Firms in Preventing Action on Climate Change - House Natural Resources
            Committee Staff Hearing Report 2022
- How to Spot 5 Climate Change Disinformation Tactics  
            The Guardian
- Climate Misconceptions Top Ten List - Beyond
            Penguins and Polar Bears
- K-12 Students' Misconceptions about Global Warming
            Journal of Physics

Illustration by John Cook / Review of Cranky Uncle vs Climate Change -Lin Andrews, National Center for Science Education

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